Countries Without Dual Citizenship In 2026

This article explores countries without dual citizenship, a list which currently includes the two most populous countries on the planet, India and China. 

In the US, meanwhile, a newly proposed bill called the Exclusive Citizenship Act seeks to end dual citizenship. If passed, it would have massive implications for global mobility, as it would mean that countries with no dual citizenship make up the majority of the global population. 

Is The US Ending Dual Citizenship?

Donald Trump promised to get tough on immigration, and clearly, it’s a promise he intends to keep. 

In doing so, he is challenging over a century of US law regarding birthright citizenship, blocking the immigration applications from 19 nationalities, while also seeking to redefine US citizenship with the launch of the Trump Gold Card. 

Taken together, the message is clear; the administration is discouraging travel from poorer countries while simultaneously seeking to woo wealthy investors. 

The newly proposed Moreno bill, meanwhile, seeks to revoke US citizenship from anyone who doesn’t renounce their old citizenship within a year of becoming American. 

In other words, the bill seeks to end dual citizenship in the United States and force people to choose one nationality. Those who don’t do so would subsequently have their citizenship automatically revoked.

As we have seen in our previous article on US denaturalisation, such a bill would need to first overturn a 1967 Supreme Court ruling (Afroyim v. Rusk), which states that the US does not have the right to simply strip someone of their citizenship against their will. 

The Exclusive Citizenship Act of 2025

The stated purpose of the proposed Exclusive Citizenship Act is to “preserve the integrity of national citizenship” by ensuring that US citizens “owe sole and exclusive allegiance to the United States.”

Under the proposed bill, those with dual nationality would be forced to “pick one within a year or lose their U.S. citizenship.”

To achieve this would require overturning a long-standing Supreme Court ruling, difficult, though not impossible. 

The US has never been especially keen on the idea of dual citizenship, so there would likely be support for the bill, despite the immediate consequences for millions of Americans. 

Such a move would be a major blow to global mobility, something which we are strong advocates of here at Millionaire Migrant. 

This would essentially allow the government to say, “put all your eggs in our star-spangled basket right now – or else!”

It would also, ironically, put the US on a list alongside many of its antagonists, including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar and China, all countries which currently do not allow second citizenship. 

Exclusive Citizenship Act – Who Would Be Affected?

America’s neighbours are the first to be affected, particularly anyone with Canadian or Mexican dual citizenship. 

It’s also worth pointing out that such a bill would affect the First Lady Melania Trump and her son Barron Trump, both of whom currently have dual US/Slovenian citizenship.

Since many of America’s wealthiest and most influential individuals also have second citizenship they, too, would be forced to choose. 

This list includes the world’s richest man, Elon Musk, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt and other prominent tech figures like Steve Wozniak and Peter Thiel.

Adding to the publicity, the growing list of celebrities with second citizenships now suddenly finding themselves in the spotlight for the wrong reasons. 

Those born to US citizens but living abroad would also be forced to choose, while Americans who obtain another citizenship abroad would be deemed to have automatically relinquished their US citizenship. 

The Moreno bill, in other words, would remove the process of renunciation but not the US Exit tax targeting anyone with a net worth exceeding $2 million USD. 

So, if obtaining a second citizenship was always your goal, it’s time to stop talking about it.

Better to start the process now, while you can still set your own terms and mitigate the worst effects of the exit tax through advance planning. 

Exclusive Citizenship Act – Will The Bill Pass?

The Moreno bill would face an uphill battle. Difficult, but not impossible. 

How determined the administration would be, however, is difficult to predict. 

On the one side, it would be an opportunity to overturn a Supreme Court ruling which has stood for decades. 

In doing so, however, the president’s own family would also be affected. 

Ultimately, whether or not the bill passes is beside the point. The main concern is the threat to global mobility that such a bill represents. 

It sets a bad precedent for conditional citizenship and continued government interference in immigration law, thus highlighting the need for passport diversification. 

Even if the Moreno bill never passes, the threat it represents is likely to prompt a surge in Americans looking to obtain citizenship elsewhere – because it’s better to jump ship now than get pushed overboard later. 

Countries Without Dual Citizenship: Americas

Dual citizenship is the norm throughout much of the Americas, with the exception of Cuba and Suriname. 

The Bahamas, meanwhile, does not allow dual citizenship after the age of 21, forcing young adults to choose their citizenship. 

Finally, Nicaragua has recently amended legislation, which will soon prohibit dual citizenship. 

Countries Without Dual Citizenship: Europe

European countries are generally more open when it comes to dual citizenship, but there are some notable exceptions, which we will cover here. 

Austria

The biggest one is Austria, which does not allow dual citizenship except in specific circumstances. 

The first is if a person obtains dual citizenship at birth, through a parent, or if they were born abroad and obtained citizenship that way. 

On rare occasions, however, Austria also allows dual citizenship by merit. Though this only happens in cases where the government of Austria deems the individual to be of an exceptional nature.  

One prominent example is that of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who moved to the US, naturalised and became a US citizen but was allowed to retain his Austrian citizenship as he was considered a positive ambassador for the country.

The Netherlands 

While dual citizenship is technically attainable, the Dutch government are keen to limit it as much as possible. 

Those who naturalise in the Netherlands are therefore expected to renounce their old citizenship. There are exceptions, however, including those who are married to, or in a civil partnership with, a Dutch citizen. 

Estonia

There are many things which we think Estonia does right. It is modern and efficient, with a digital-first economy and has relatively low taxes, especially when compared with its regional neighbours. 

The only snag is that the country still does not allow dual citizenship, so if you become an Estonian citizen, you forfeit your pre-existing citizenship automatically. 

So, though there are clear advantages to Estonian citizenship (EU membership, taxes), it nonetheless precludes any notions of global mobility. 

Lithuania

Lithuania is another Baltic nation which discourages dual citizenship except in the rarest of circumstances, but generally, dual citizenship is no longer tenable beyond the age of 21. 

It’s worth pointing out, however, that, in between Estonia and Lithuania, we have Latvia, which does allow dual citizenship. Latvia boasts one of Europe’s cheapest golden visa programmes, alongside a thriving citizenship by descent programme.

Andorra

The tiny Principality of Andorra is a tax-friendly country located high in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. 

Though advantageous from a residency point of view, the country strictly forbids dual citizenship, though it’s not the only European micronation to do so. 

Monaco

Another Principality, Monaco, is an attractive destination for HNWIs offering zero taxes and a glamorous Riviera lifestyle. Once again, this is a tiny country where being a tax resident is advantageous but dual citizenship is not allowed. 

San Marino

The tiny republic of San Marino is yet another European micronation which does not permit dual citizenship. 

Countries Without Dual Citizenship: Middle East

While dual citizenship is uncommon in the Gulf region, there are signs that this is slowly changing. The need to attract global talent is prompting some Middle East countries to rethink their positions. Others, meanwhile, continue to double down. 

Iran 

Iran does not recognise dual citizenship of any kind, and this includes Iranian-born individuals who have obtained citizenship abroad. In such cases, those individuals are treated as Iranian citizens, and their second nationality is deemed invalid. 

This is a common issue with some of the more authoritarian countries on this list and a concern for Iranian dual citizens returning to visit family.

Kuwait 

Kuwait does not recognise dual citizenship except for children under the age of 18. On turning 18, those with dual citizenship have two years to choose which citizenship to retain. 

Qatar 

Qatar does not allow dual citizenship, and those obtaining citizenship abroad may have their Qatari citizenship automatically revoked. 

Oman 

Although Oman does not recognise dual citizenship, the country recently updated its citizenship law, allowing for exceptions by a royal decree from the Sultan. 

Saudi Arabia

Officially, Saudi Arabia does not recognise dual citizenship, though technically a Saudi citizen can still formally request to retain their citizenship while seeking citizenship abroad. 

As part of its Vision 2030 initiative, the country has granted citizenship to valuable global talent, including eminent scientists, professionals, and investors. In theory, these new Saudi citizens can retain their pre-existing citizenship by royal decree. 

UAE

The United Arab Emirates once prohibited dual citizenship, much like its neighbours, however its stance has changed in recent years. As of 2021, dual citizenship is possible but only in exceptional circumstances.

Much like Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, the UAE’s citizenship programme can be considered an example of citizenship by exception, whereby citizenship is granted to global professionals in areas such as culture, sports, science, or technology. 

While obtaining citizenship of the UAE in this manner may be considered an honour, one need not obtain citizenship to avail of the country’s tax advantages. Instead, you can apply for a golden visa, valid for five or ten years, through the country’s residence by investment programme and retain your current citizenship(s).

Countries Without Dual Citizenship: Africa

Africa is another interesting region right now which, like the Middle East, has begun revisiting its notions of dual citizenship.

On the one hand, you have countries which are highly restrictive and wary of foreign influence, while others are rapidly pivoting to more open citizenship to better attract foreign capital.

Hence the rise of African citizenship by investment, which was one of the biggest developments in 2025.

Eritrea 

We mention this country a lot, as it’s the only other nation besides the US which taxes its citizens regardless of where they live.

It should not be surprising to learn, therefore, that the country also does not recognise dual citizenship. 

Ethiopia

It’s much the same in neighbouring Ethiopia, which prohibits dual citizenship, despite a huge global diaspora of foreign-based Ethiopians. 

Tanzania

Tanzania does not allow dual citizenship beyond the age of 18. 

Botswana

Botswana an interesting case. It recently announced the launch of a new citizenship by investment programme, but there’s a snag – the country currently prohibits dual citizenship.

The country’s new citizenship by investment programme is set to launch in early 2026, which means the government in Botswana will need to address that issue sooner rather than later. 

Countries Without Dual Citizenship: Asia

Asia has a sizeable number of countries which don’t allow dual citizenship, including the two most populous countries on the planet, India and China. 

Central Asia

But first, let’s take a whirlwind visit to Central Asia and the five ex-Soviet nations known as “The Stans”, none of whom recognise dual citizenship:

• Kazakhstan
• Azerbaijan
• Uzbekistan
• Tajikistan
• Turkmenistan
• Kyrgyzstan

Of the six countries mentioned, onlyKyrgyzstan has taken steps towards recognising dual citizenship, but this would only be for those of Kyrgyz ethnicity living abroad. 

Trans Himalayas

The Himalayan nations of Nepal and Bhutan both prohibit dual citizenship.

India

With over 1.4 billion people, India is currently the world’s most populous country. It also does not allow dual citizenship, which is a major headache for the growing Indian diaspora worldwide. 

Instead, foreign citizens can apply for an Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) card, which grants full residency rights and travel rights, plus the right to work in India, but not the right to vote. 

With an OCI card, members of the Indian diaspora can maintain their connection to India, though the system itself is often problematic and ripe for reform. 

China

China prohibits dual citizenship, and any Chinese individuals who attain citizenship abroad automatically have their Chinese citizenship revoked. 

The Chinese government has also tightened rules within the Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau), bringing them more in line with China’s laws restricting dual citizenship. 

Japan

Life in Japan is a double-edged sword, a notion that’s quite befitting for the land of the samurai. We love Japan’s culture, cuisine and technological innovation, but we can’t abide the bureaucracy and high, overcomplicated taxes.

Similarly, while Japan may have one of the most powerful passports in terms of travel, the lack of dual citizenship for anyone over 20 means it has little value from a global mobility perspective. 

North Korea

It should hardly be surprising to hear that the “Hermit Kingdom” of North Korea prohibits dual citizenship. 

Furthermore, the government considers all North Koreans to be citizens, regardless of their actual citizenship status, much like the policy in Iran.

Returning North Koreans should therefore be aware that their actual citizenship status will be ignored, as will any request for consular/embassy services. 

Laos 

To Southeast Asia next, and Laos, which, unlike neighbouring Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, does not allow dual citizenship. 

Myanmar 

In Myanmar, citizenship is considerably more ethnically charged than in most countries.

Full citizenship is only granted to those who belong to one of the government-approved “national races” and, as the country doesn’t recognise dual citizenship, those who attain citizenship abroad forfeit their Burmese citizenship. 

Malaysia 

With a vibrant culture, a strong economy and a territorial tax system, there are many reasons to like Malaysia. Yet, despite its global outlook and a rather sizeable diaspora, the country still prohibits dual citizenship.  

Singapore

Regular readers will know that Singapore regularly pops up on lists of tax-friendly countries. It falls down on global mobility, however, by prohibiting dual citizenship and forcing children with dual citizenship to choose their nationality by age 21. 

Indonesia 

Indonesia prohibits dual citizenship for adults, so those born with two citizenships must choose one by age 18. 

On the positive side, Indonesia recently launched its Global Citizenship of Indonesia (GCI) programme, which provides a permanent residence permit to those of Indonesian heritage.

If this sounds familiar, it’s because the programme was based on India’s OCI card system. 

Why Do Some Countries Not Allow Dual Citizenship?

So why do some countries not allow dual citizenship? There are many reasons. 

Many nations fear outside interference, either by rivals from neighbouring nations, more distant foreigners, or both. 

Some, like Monaco and Andorra, are literally too small and, since they already cater to huge numbers of foreign residents, need mechanisms to protect their own minority populations from cultural dilution.

Elsewhere, nations may have closer associations between ethnicity and national identity and seek to protect cultural cohesion and, in some cases, geographic cohesion. 

For countries like Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the notion that they would one day become independent nations was inconceivable. So instead, their jagged borders were drawn by Soviet ethnographers before being folded into the USSR. 

When the USSR collapsed in 1991, the result was a bewildering tapestry of messy boundaries and ethnic enclaves. Smoothing out these borders has long been a priority, so dual citizenship into the mix would only muddy the waters further. 

On the other end of the scale, you have long-established nations which feel considerably more secure and unassailable and, as such, believe that loyalty to the nation should supersede all else. 

These countries often have a strong nationalist flavour and perhaps also require compulsory military service. 

Tipping The Scales

While some are clearly more valid than others, there are many different reasons why countries prohibit dual citizenship. 

Currently, these countries are in the minority, though considering the list includes the first, second and fourth most populated countries on the planet, not by much. 

When you add all these countries together, you get to around 48% of the global population. 

If the US decided to join them, however, as the third-largest country, it would tip the scales.

So, for the first time, a majority of the world’s population, roughly 52%, would no longer have control over their own citizenship status. 

Countries Without Dual Citizenship: Takeaways

• The Exclusive Citizenship Act of 2025 (aka the Moreno Bill) is a proposed bill to prohibit dual citizenship in the US.
• This bill faces an uphill battle as it would mean overturning previous Supreme Court rulings, including 1967’s Afroyim v. Rusk.
• If enacted, it would affect an estimated 7-10% of the US population while placing a considerable burden on the State Department and the DHS. 
• It would also affect many prominent current US citizens, including the First Lady, Melania Trump, her son Barron Trump, and the world’s richest man, Elon Musk. 
• The majority of countries which prohibit dual citizenship are in Asia, these include some of the world’s most populous countries like India, China and Indonesia. 
• More countries currently offer dual citizenship than prohibit it. 
• If the US decided to prohibit dual citizenship, it would tip the scales, potentially making dual citizenship countries a minority. 

Conclusion: Is Global Mobility Under Threat?

The prospect that dual citizenship countries could soon become the minority is a chilling one.

If the Moreno bill passes, it would represent a massive blow to the concept of global mobility, especially if other countries opted to follow suit. 

On the flipside, however, nations which stick to their guns and continue to embrace dual citizenship are likely to become even more popular with globally-minded professionals. 

It would also make dual citizenship passports far more valuable and in-demand than they are right now, making existing citizenship programmes more competitive than ever. 

Finally, for anyone seeking to leave the US, it would mean the end of renunciation. 

Instead, your US citizenship would be revoked automatically, thus triggering the US exit tax.

So if you’re an American looking at citizenship abroad, we urge you to start the process now, while you still get to call the shots. That way, you can mitigate the worst effects of the exit tax in advance while also getting ahead of the queue if the Moreno bill does indeed pass. 

Having a second citizenship is the ultimate insurance policy for you and your loved ones. So if it’s something you have been thinking about for a while now, the new year is the perfect time to finally make it happen.

Contact Millionaire Migrant today to find the best solution for your precise needs. 

Countries With Dual Citizenship: FAQ

Which countries have no dual citizenship? 

While dual citizenship remains the norm in most of the world, it’s worth noting that two of the world’s most populous countries, India and China, do not allow dual citizenship. 

The same goes for many other major Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Japan.

If the US were to ban dual citizenship, it would, as the world’s third most populous country, tip the scales, potentially making dual citizenship the exception, rather than the rule.  

Does the US allow dual citizenship?

Yes. The US allows dual citizenship, and many famous and wealthy individuals in the US currently enjoy that status, including billionaires like Elon Musk and Peter Thiel, as well as celebrities like Arnold Schwarzenegger, Ryan Reynolds and Robert De Niro. 

Can the US revoke citizenship? 

No. Under current law, as protected by the 1967 Afroyim v. Rusk Supreme Court ruling, the American government cannot simply revoke US citizenship.  

A newly proposed bill, however, the Exclusive Citizenship Act (also known as the Moreno Bill) seeks to challenge this Supreme Court ruling and end dual citizenship in the US. 

What is the Exclusive Citizenship Act?

The Exclusive Citizenship Act, also known as the Moreno Bill, is a bill introduced by Senator Bernie Moreno in December 2025, which proposes to end dual citizenship in the US.